Chemical Properties of Formaldehyde (CAS 50-00-0)

InChI

InChI=1S/CH2O/c1-2/h1H2

InChI Key

WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Formula

CH2O

SMILES

C=O

Molecular Weight¹

30.03

CAS

50-00-0

Other Names

• Aldehyd mravenci
• Aldehyde formique
• Aldeide formica
• BFV
• CH2O
• Durine
• Fannoform
• Fordor
• Formaldehyd
• Formaldehyde, gas
• Formalin
• Formalin 40
• Formalin-loesungen
• Formalina
• Formaline
• Formalith
• Formic aldehyde
• Formol
• Fyde
• H2CO
• Hercules 37M6-8
• Karsan
• Lysoform
• Methaldehyde
• Methyl aldehyde
• Methylene oxide
• Morbicid
• NCI-C02799
• NSC 298885
• Oplossingen
• Oxomethane
• Oxymethylene
• Paraform
• Rcra waste number U122
• Superlysoform
• UN 1198
• UN 2209
• methanal

• ω : Acentric Factor.
• PAff : Proton affinity (kJ/mol).
• BasG : Gas basicity (kJ/mol).
• Δ_cH°_gas : Standard gas enthalpy of combustion (kJ/mol).
• C_p,gas : Ideal gas heat capacity (J/mol×K).
• μ : Dipole Moment (debye).
• η : Dynamic viscosity (Pa×s).
• Δ_fG° : Standard Gibbs free energy of formation (kJ/mol).
• Δ_fH°_gas : Enthalpy of formation at standard conditions (kJ/mol).
• Δ_fH°_{(+) ion} : Enthalpy of formation of positive ion at standard conditions (kJ/mol).
• Δ_fH_{(+) ion,0K} : Enthalpy of formation of positive ion at 0K (kJ/mol).
• Δ_fusH° : Enthalpy of fusion at standard conditions (kJ/mol).
• Δ_fusH : Enthalpy of fusion at a given temperature (kJ/mol).
• Δ_vapH : Enthalpy of vaporization at a given temperature (kJ/mol).
• IE : Ionization energy (eV).
• logP_oct/wat : Octanol/Water partition coefficient.
• McVol : McGowan's characteristic volume (ml/mol).
• NFPA Fire : NFPA Fire Rating.
• NFPA Health : NFPA Health Rating.
• P_c : Critical Pressure (kPa).
• P_vap : Vapor pressure (kPa).
• ρ_l : Liquid Density (kg/m³).
• I_np : Non-polar retention indices.
• T_boil : Normal Boiling Point Temperature (K).
• T_c : Critical Temperature (K).
• T_fus : Normal melting (fusion) point (K).
• T_triple : Triple Point Temperature (K).
• V_c : Critical Volume (m³/kmol).
• Z_c : Critical Compressibility.
• ¹: Molecular weight from the IUPAC atomic weights tables.

Physical Properties

Property	Value	Unit	Source
ω	0.2530		KDB
PAff	[711.50; 712.90]	kJ/mol
PAff	712.90	kJ/mol	NIST
PAff	711.50 ± 2.10	kJ/mol	NIST
BasG	[681.50; 683.30]	kJ/mol
BasG	683.30	kJ/mol	NIST
BasG	681.50 ± 0.70	kJ/mol	NIST
ΔcH°gas	[-570.78; -561.10]	kJ/mol
ΔcH°gas	-570.78 ± 0.42	kJ/mol	NIST
ΔcH°gas	-561.10	kJ/mol	NIST
μ	2.30	debye	KDB
ΔfG°	-110.00	kJ/mol	KDB
ΔfH°gas	[-116.00; -108.60]	kJ/mol
ΔfH°gas	-116.00	kJ/mol	KDB
ΔfH°gas	-108.60 ± 0.46	kJ/mol	NIST
ΔfH°(+) ion	941.80	kJ/mol	NIST
ΔfH(+) ion,0K	946.00	kJ/mol	NIST
ΔfusH°	2.32	kJ/mol	Joback Calculated Property
IE	[10.10; 10.90]	eV
IE	10.88 ± 0.01	eV	NIST
IE	10.88	eV	NIST
IE	10.89 ± 0.00	eV	NIST
IE	10.86	eV	NIST
IE	10.88	eV	NIST
IE	10.90	eV	NIST
IE	10.88 ± 0.01	eV	NIST
IE	10.87 ± 0.00	eV	NIST
IE	10.87 ± 0.01	eV	NIST
IE	10.88 ± 0.02	eV	NIST
IE	10.87 ± 0.01	eV	NIST
IE	10.88 ± 0.02	eV	NIST
IE	10.88	eV	NIST
IE	10.86 ± 0.02	eV	NIST
IE	10.90 ± 0.03	eV	NIST
IE	10.87 ± 0.01	eV	NIST
IE	10.88 ± 0.01	eV	NIST
IE	Outlier 10.10	eV	NIST
logPoct/wat	-0.185		Crippen Calculated Property
McVol	26.520	ml/mol	McGowan Calculated Property
NFPA Fire	4		KDB
NFPA Health	2		KDB
Pc	6590.00	kPa	KDB
Inp	[229.00; 284.00]
Inp	284.00		NIST
Inp	229.00		NIST
Inp	249.00		NIST
Inp	273.00		NIST
Inp	247.00		NIST
Inp	247.00		NIST
Inp	273.00		NIST
Inp	284.00		NIST
Tboil	[253.85; 254.05]	K
Tboil	254.00	K	KDB
Tboil	254.05 ± 0.50	K	NIST
Tboil	253.85 ± 0.20	K	NIST
Tc	408.00	K	KDB
Tfus	[156.00; 181.00]	K
Tfus	156.00	K	KDB
Tfus	156.15 ± 1.00	K	NIST
Tfus	181.00 ± 4.00	K	NIST
Tfus	181.00 ± 6.00	K	NIST
Ttriple	155.10 ± 0.30	K	NIST
Vc	0.115	m3/kmol	KDB
Zc	0.2234020		KDB

Cheméo can also estimate Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions, Log10 of Water solubility in mol/l for this compound, but they fall outside the models' validated range, so they are not shown here. Open the prediction tool to compute them on demand.

Temperature Dependent Properties

Property	Value	Unit	Temperature (K)	Source
ΔfusH	7.53	kJ/mol	155.00	NIST
ΔvapH	[23.01; 24.30]	kJ/mol	[212.00; 249.60]
ΔvapH	24.20	kJ/mol	212.00	NIST
ΔvapH	24.30	kJ/mol	217.50	NIST
ΔvapH	23.01	kJ/mol	249.60	KDB
ρl	815.00	kg/m3	253.00	KDB

Correlations

Property	Value	Unit	Temperature (K)	Source
Cp,gas	[35.41; 66.49]	J/mol×K	[298.00; 1200.00]	NIST
Equation			Y = A + B·t + C·t² + D·t³ + E/t², t = T/1000 Y is Cp,gas in J/mol×K, T in K
Coefficient A			5.19377e+00
Coefficient B			9.32325e+01
Coefficient C			-4.48546e+01
Coefficient D			7.88228e+00
Coefficient E			5.51175e-01
Reference			Chase, 1998
Temperature range, min.			298.00
Temperature range, max.			1200.00
Cp,gas	35.41	J/mol×K	298.00	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	39.18	J/mol×K	398.22	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	43.72	J/mol×K	498.44	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	48.16	J/mol×K	598.67	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	52.26	J/mol×K	698.89	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	55.94	J/mol×K	799.11	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	59.18	J/mol×K	899.33	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	61.99	J/mol×K	999.56	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	64.42	J/mol×K	1099.78	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	66.49	J/mol×K	1200.00	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	[66.36; 82.27]	J/mol×K	[1200.00; 6000.00]	NIST
Equation			Y = A + B·t + C·t² + D·t³ + E/t², t = T/1000 Y is Cp,gas in J/mol×K, T in K
Coefficient A			7.13527e+01
Coefficient B			6.17450e+00
Coefficient C			-1.19109e+00
Coefficient D			7.95640e-02
Coefficient E			-1.55892e+01
Reference			Chase, 1998
Temperature range, min.			1200.00
Temperature range, max.			6000.00
Cp,gas	66.36	J/mol×K	1200.00	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	73.70	J/mol×K	1733.33	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	77.12	J/mol×K	2266.67	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	79.06	J/mol×K	2800.00	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	80.24	J/mol×K	3333.33	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	80.98	J/mol×K	3866.67	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	81.43	J/mol×K	4400.00	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	81.74	J/mol×K	4933.33	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	81.99	J/mol×K	5466.67	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	82.27	J/mol×K	6000.00	Calculated Property

Property	Value	Unit	Temperature (K)	Source
η	[0.0001727; 0.0001220]	Pa×s	[168.54; 285.60]	Joback Predicted correlation
Equation			Y = exp(A + B/T + C·ln(T) + D·T^E) Y is η in Pa×s, T in K
Coefficient A			-9.51294e+00
Coefficient B			1.43100e+02
Coefficient C			0.00000e+00
Coefficient D			0.00000e+00
Coefficient E			0.00000e+00
Temperature range, min.			168.54
Temperature range, max.			285.60
η	0.0001727	Pa×s	168.54	Calculated Property
η	0.0001625	Pa×s	181.54	Calculated Property
η	0.0001542	Pa×s	194.55	Calculated Property
η	0.0001472	Pa×s	207.56	Calculated Property
η	0.0001414	Pa×s	220.57	Calculated Property
η	0.0001364	Pa×s	233.57	Calculated Property
η	0.0001320	Pa×s	246.58	Calculated Property
η	0.0001282	Pa×s	259.59	Calculated Property
η	0.0001249	Pa×s	272.59	Calculated Property
η	0.0001220	Pa×s	285.60	Calculated Property

Property	Value	Unit	Temperature (K)	Source
Pvap	[0.85; 347.51]	kPa	[181.15; 270.59]	The Yaws Handbook of Vapor Pressure
Equation			ln(Y) = A + B/(T + C) Y is Pvap in kPa, T in K
Coefficient A			1.67699e+01
Coefficient B			-2.74961e+03
Coefficient C			-1.87730e+01
Temperature range, min.			181.15
Temperature range, max.			270.59
Pvap	0.85	kPa	181.15	Calculated Property
Pvap	2.25	kPa	191.09	Calculated Property
Pvap	5.38	kPa	201.03	Calculated Property
Pvap	11.74	kPa	210.96	Calculated Property
Pvap	23.73	kPa	220.90	Calculated Property
Pvap	44.88	kPa	230.84	Calculated Property
Pvap	80.19	kPa	240.78	Calculated Property
Pvap	136.34	kPa	250.71	Calculated Property
Pvap	221.89	kPa	260.65	Calculated Property
Pvap	347.51	kPa	270.59	Calculated Property
Pvap	[0.13; 87.59]	kPa	[163.76; 250.86]	NIST
Equation			ln(Y) = A + B/(T + C) Y is Pvap in kPa, T in K
Coefficient A			1.44643e+01
Coefficient B			-2.20917e+03
Coefficient C			-2.97580e+01
Reference			Spence and Wild, 1935, 3
Temperature range, min.			163.76
Temperature range, max.			250.86
Pvap	0.13	kPa	163.76	Calculated Property
Pvap	0.40	kPa	173.44	Calculated Property
Pvap	1.06	kPa	183.12	Calculated Property
Pvap	2.49	kPa	192.79	Calculated Property
Pvap	5.33	kPa	202.47	Calculated Property
Pvap	10.51	kPa	212.15	Calculated Property
Pvap	19.34	kPa	221.83	Calculated Property
Pvap	33.58	kPa	231.50	Calculated Property
Pvap	55.44	kPa	241.18	Calculated Property
Pvap	87.59	kPa	250.86	Calculated Property
Pvap	[0.13; 87.59]	kPa	[163.76; 250.86]	NIST
Equation			ln(Y) = A + B/(T + C) Y is Pvap in kPa, T in K
Coefficient A			1.44643e+01
Coefficient B			-2.20917e+03
Coefficient C			-2.97580e+01
Reference			Spence and Wild, 1935
Temperature range, min.			163.76
Temperature range, max.			250.86
Pvap	0.13	kPa	163.76	Calculated Property
Pvap	0.40	kPa	173.44	Calculated Property
Pvap	1.06	kPa	183.12	Calculated Property
Pvap	2.49	kPa	192.79	Calculated Property
Pvap	5.33	kPa	202.47	Calculated Property
Pvap	10.51	kPa	212.15	Calculated Property
Pvap	19.34	kPa	221.83	Calculated Property
Pvap	33.58	kPa	231.50	Calculated Property
Pvap	55.44	kPa	241.18	Calculated Property
Pvap	87.59	kPa	250.86	Calculated Property

Similar Compounds

Find more compounds similar to Formaldehyde.

Mixtures

• Formaldehyde + Water
• Formaldehyde + Methyl Alcohol + Water
• Formaldehyde + Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis- + Water
• 2-Butyne-1,4-diol + Formaldehyde + Water
• Formaldehyde + 1,3,5-Trioxane + Water
• 1,3-Dioxolane + Formaldehyde + Water
• Propanamide, N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2-methyl- + Formaldehyde

Sources

• Crippen Method
• Crippen Method
• Liquid-liquid equilibrium in binary and ternary mixtures containing formaldehyde, water, methanol, methylal, and poly(oxymethylene) dimethyl ethers
• Density, excess molar volume, and COSMO-RS study of reactive aqueous solutions containing formaldehyde
• Vapor-liquid equilibrium of mixtures containing formaldehyde, water, and butynediol
• Activity coefficients at infinite dilution of organic solutes in methylphosphonate based ionic liquids using gas-liquid chromatography
• Determination of Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution of Solutes in N,N'-Di(2-ethylhexyl)isobutyramide Using Inverse Gas-Liquid Chromatography
• Solubility of Formaldehyde and Trioxane in Aqueous Solutions
• New Experimental Results for the Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of the Binary System (Trioxane + Water) and the Ternary System (Formaldehyde + Trioxane + Water)
• Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution of Organic Compounds in Four New Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids
• Partition Coefficients of Organic Compounds in Four New Tetraalkylammonium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide Ionic Liquids Using Inverse Gas Chromatography
• Evaluation of the Performance of Trigeminal Tricationic Ionic Liquids for Separation Problems
• Isobaric Vapor Liquid Equilibrium for the Ternary System (Formaldehyde + 1,3-Dioxolane + Water) at 101.3 kPa
• Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution of Organic Compounds in 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate Using Inverse Gas Chromatography
• Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution of Organic Compounds in Trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide Using Inverse Gas Chromatography
• Partition Coefficients of Organic Compounds in New Imidazolium and Tetralkylammonium Based Ionic Liquids Using Inverse Gas Chromatography
• Study of Ether-, Alcohol-, or Cyano-Functionalized Ionic Liquids Using Inverse Gas Chromatography
• Joback Method
• KDB
• McGowan Method
• NIST Webbook
• The Yaws Handbook of Vapor Pressure

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