Chemical Properties of Urea (CAS 57-13-6)

InChI

InChI=1S/CH4N2O/c2-1(3)4/h(H4,2,3,4)

InChI Key

XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Formula

CH4N2O

SMILES

NC(N)=O

Molecular Weight¹

60.06

CAS

57-13-6

Other Names

• (NH2)2CO
• Alphadrate
• Aquacare
• Aquadrate
• B-I-K
• Basodexan
• Benural 70
• Bubber shet
• Calmurid
• Carbaderm
• Carbamide
• Carbamimidic acid
• Carbonyl Diamine
• Carbonyldiamide
• Elaqua xx
• Harnstoff
• Hyanit
• Isourea
• Keratinamin
• Mocovina
• NCI-C02119
• NSC 34375
• Nutraplus
• Onychomal
• Pastaron
• Prespersion, 75 urea
• Pseudourea
• Supercel 3000
• UR
• Ultra Mide
• Urea-13C
• Ureaphil
• Ureophil
• Urepearl
• Urevert
• Uroderm
• Varioform II
• carbamoylamine

• ω : Acentric Factor.
• PAff : Proton affinity (kJ/mol).
• BasG : Gas basicity (kJ/mol).
• C_p,gas : Ideal gas heat capacity (J/mol×K).
• C_p,solid : Solid phase heat capacity (J/mol×K).
• S_Prot : Protonation entropy at 298K (J/mol×K).
• Δ_fG° : Standard Gibbs free energy of formation (kJ/mol).
• Δ_fH°_gas : Enthalpy of formation at standard conditions (kJ/mol).
• Δ_fH°_solid : Solid phase enthalpy of formation at standard conditions (kJ/mol).
• Δ_fusH° : Enthalpy of fusion at standard conditions (kJ/mol).
• Δ_fusH : Enthalpy of fusion at a given temperature (kJ/mol).
• Δ_subH° : Enthalpy of sublimation at standard conditions (kJ/mol).
• Δ_subH : Enthalpy of sublimation at a given temperature (kJ/mol).
• Δ_vapH° : Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions (kJ/mol).
• IE : Ionization energy (eV).
• log₁₀WS : Log10 of Water solubility in mol/l.
• logP_oct/wat : Octanol/Water partition coefficient.
• McVol : McGowan's characteristic volume (ml/mol).
• P_c : Critical Pressure (kPa).
• P_sub : Sublimation pressure (kPa).
• P_vap : Vapor pressure (kPa).
• Δ_fusS : Entropy of fusion at a given temperature (J/mol×K).
• S°_{solid,1 bar} : Solid phase molar entropy at standard conditions (J/mol×K).
• T_boil : Normal Boiling Point Temperature (K).
• T_c : Critical Temperature (K).
• T_fus : Normal melting (fusion) point (K).
• T_triple : Triple Point Temperature (K).
• V_c : Critical Volume (m³/kmol).
• ¹: Molecular weight from the IUPAC atomic weights tables.

Physical Properties

Property	Value	Unit	Source
ω	0.5973		Relay (1.0) Calculated Property
PAff	[868.40; 873.50]	kJ/mol
PAff	868.40 ± 2.50	kJ/mol	NIST
PAff	873.50 ± 5.00	kJ/mol	NIST
PAff	873.50 ± 5.00	kJ/mol	NIST
BasG	[838.70; 846.10]	kJ/mol
BasG	838.70 ± 3.00	kJ/mol	NIST
BasG	846.10 ± 5.00	kJ/mol	NIST
BasG	841.60 ± 5.00	kJ/mol	NIST
SProt	[-1.90; 9.40]	J/mol×K
SProt	9.40	J/mol×K	NIST
SProt	-1.90	J/mol×K	NIST
ΔfG°	-38.48	kJ/mol	Joback Calculated Property
ΔfH°gas	-235.50 ± 1.20	kJ/mol	NIST
ΔfH°solid	[-333.39; -320.20]	kJ/mol
ΔfH°solid	-333.11 ± 0.69	kJ/mol	NIST
ΔfH°solid	-320.20 ± 2.00	kJ/mol	NIST
ΔfH°solid	-333.39 ± 0.17	kJ/mol	NIST
ΔfH°solid	-333.30 ± 0.20	kJ/mol	NIST
ΔfH°solid	-323.60	kJ/mol	NIST
ΔfusH°	10.34	kJ/mol	Joback Calculated Property
ΔsubH°	[87.65; 98.60]	kJ/mol
ΔsubH°	95.50 ± 0.30	kJ/mol	NIST
ΔsubH°	98.60	kJ/mol	NIST
ΔsubH°	87.65 ± 0.88	kJ/mol	NIST
ΔvapH°	44.06	kJ/mol	Relay (1.0) Calculated Property
IE	[9.70; 10.33]	eV
IE	9.70	eV	NIST
IE	10.27 ± 0.05	eV	NIST
IE	9.80	eV	NIST
IE	10.28	eV	NIST
IE	10.33	eV	NIST
IE	10.15	eV	NIST
log10WS	[0.96; 0.96]
log10WS	0.96		Aq. Solubility Prediction
log10WS	0.96		Estimated Solubility
logPoct/wat	-0.976		Crippen Calculated Property
McVol	46.480	ml/mol	McGowan Calculated Property
Pc	7735.33	kPa	Joback Calculated Property
S°solid,1 bar	[104.26; 172.00]	J/mol×K
S°solid,1 bar	104.26	J/mol×K	NIST
S°solid,1 bar	104.93	J/mol×K	NIST
S°solid,1 bar	105.40	J/mol×K	NIST
S°solid,1 bar	172.00	J/mol×K	NIST
Tboil	421.16	K	Relay (1.0) Calculated Property
Tc	646.03	K	Relay (1.0) Calculated Property
Tfus	[405.15; 410.00]	K
Tfus	407.00	K	Aq. Solubility Prediction
Tfus	406.50 ± 0.50	K	NIST
Tfus	406.00 ± 3.00	K	NIST
Tfus	406.20 ± 0.10	K	NIST
Tfus	405.40 ± 0.80	K	NIST
Tfus	405.80 ± 0.50	K	NIST
Tfus	405.15 ± 1.50	K	NIST
Tfus	406.15 ± 1.50	K	NIST
Tfus	Outlier 410.00 ± 1.50	K	NIST
Ttriple	[405.80; 408.00]	K
Ttriple	407.90 ± 0.20	K	NIST
Ttriple	408.00 ± 0.00	K	NIST
Ttriple	405.80 ± 0.10	K	NIST
Ttriple	405.80 ± 0.20	K	NIST
Vc	0.172	m3/kmol	Relay (1.0) Calculated Property

Temperature Dependent Properties

Property	Value	Unit	Temperature (K)	Source
Cp,gas	[87.80; 109.86]	J/mol×K	[421.21; 638.13]
Cp,gas	87.80	J/mol×K	421.21	Joback Calculated Property
Cp,gas	91.98	J/mol×K	457.36	Joback Calculated Property
Cp,gas	95.96	J/mol×K	493.52	Joback Calculated Property
Cp,gas	99.73	J/mol×K	529.67	Joback Calculated Property
Cp,gas	103.30	J/mol×K	565.82	Joback Calculated Property
Cp,gas	106.68	J/mol×K	601.98	Joback Calculated Property
Cp,gas	109.86	J/mol×K	638.13	Joback Calculated Property
Cp,solid	[68.60; 115.50]	J/mol×K	[293.00; 304.70]
Cp,solid	68.60	J/mol×K	293.00	NIST
Cp,solid	93.64	J/mol×K	298.00	NIST
Cp,solid	115.50	J/mol×K	298.00	NIST
Cp,solid	92.79	J/mol×K	298.15	NIST
Cp,solid	93.08	J/mol×K	298.15	NIST
Cp,solid	90.00	J/mol×K	298.15	NIST
Cp,solid	93.14	J/mol×K	298.15	NIST
Cp,solid	94.00	J/mol×K	304.70	NIST
ΔfusH	[12.93; 15.03]	kJ/mol	[405.20; 408.10]
ΔfusH	13.60	kJ/mol	405.20	NIST
ΔfusH	13.90	kJ/mol	405.80	NIST
ΔfusH	13.61	kJ/mol	405.80	NIST
ΔfusH	13.90	kJ/mol	405.80	NIST
ΔfusH	14.50	kJ/mol	406.00	NIST
ΔfusH	14.79	kJ/mol	406.50	NIST
ΔfusH	14.60	kJ/mol	406.70	NIST
ΔfusH	14.60	kJ/mol	407.20	NIST
ΔfusH	15.03	kJ/mol	407.90	NIST
ΔfusH	12.93	kJ/mol	408.10	NIST
ΔsubH	[87.70; 97.60]	kJ/mol	[350.00; 381.00]
ΔsubH	94.60 ± 0.50	kJ/mol	350.00	NIST
ΔsubH	96.90	kJ/mol	350.00	NIST
ΔsubH	97.60 ± 1.00	kJ/mol	354.00	NIST
ΔsubH	87.70	kJ/mol	356.50	NIST
ΔsubH	87.90 ± 2.10	kJ/mol	356.50	NIST
ΔsubH	88.20	kJ/mol	357.00	NIST
ΔsubH	95.40	kJ/mol	361.00	NIST
ΔsubH	94.60 ± 2.20	kJ/mol	366.00	NIST
ΔsubH	95.10 ± 2.20	kJ/mol	366.00	NIST
ΔsubH	90.90	kJ/mol	381.00	NIST
Psub	[6.40e-04; 0.02]	kPa	[358.30; 402.00]
Psub	6.40e-04	kPa	358.30	Measurement and Prediction of Thermochemical Properties: Improved Increments for the Estimation of Enthalpies of Sublimation and Standard Enthalpies of Formation of Alkyl Derivatives of Urea
Psub	1.00e-03	kPa	363.40	Measurement and Prediction of Thermochemical Properties: Improved Increments for the Estimation of Enthalpies of Sublimation and Standard Enthalpies of Formation of Alkyl Derivatives of Urea
Psub	1.51e-03	kPa	368.40	Measurement and Prediction of Thermochemical Properties: Improved Increments for the Estimation of Enthalpies of Sublimation and Standard Enthalpies of Formation of Alkyl Derivatives of Urea
Psub	1.89e-03	kPa	371.20	Measurement and Prediction of Thermochemical Properties: Improved Increments for the Estimation of Enthalpies of Sublimation and Standard Enthalpies of Formation of Alkyl Derivatives of Urea
Psub	2.46e-03	kPa	374.30	Measurement and Prediction of Thermochemical Properties: Improved Increments for the Estimation of Enthalpies of Sublimation and Standard Enthalpies of Formation of Alkyl Derivatives of Urea
Psub	2.96e-03	kPa	376.50	Measurement and Prediction of Thermochemical Properties: Improved Increments for the Estimation of Enthalpies of Sublimation and Standard Enthalpies of Formation of Alkyl Derivatives of Urea
Psub	3.80e-03	kPa	379.50	Measurement and Prediction of Thermochemical Properties: Improved Increments for the Estimation of Enthalpies of Sublimation and Standard Enthalpies of Formation of Alkyl Derivatives of Urea
Psub	6.27e-03	kPa	386.30	Measurement and Prediction of Thermochemical Properties: Improved Increments for the Estimation of Enthalpies of Sublimation and Standard Enthalpies of Formation of Alkyl Derivatives of Urea
Psub	0.01	kPa	393.20	Measurement and Prediction of Thermochemical Properties: Improved Increments for the Estimation of Enthalpies of Sublimation and Standard Enthalpies of Formation of Alkyl Derivatives of Urea
Psub	0.02	kPa	399.00	Measurement and Prediction of Thermochemical Properties: Improved Increments for the Estimation of Enthalpies of Sublimation and Standard Enthalpies of Formation of Alkyl Derivatives of Urea
Psub	0.02	kPa	402.00	Measurement and Prediction of Thermochemical Properties: Improved Increments for the Estimation of Enthalpies of Sublimation and Standard Enthalpies of Formation of Alkyl Derivatives of Urea
ΔfusS	[33.54; 36.40]	J/mol×K	[405.80; 406.50]
ΔfusS	34.25	J/mol×K	405.80	NIST
ΔfusS	33.54	J/mol×K	405.80	NIST
ΔfusS	35.70	J/mol×K	406.00	NIST
ΔfusS	36.40	J/mol×K	406.50	NIST

Correlations

Property	Value	Unit	Temperature (K)	Source
Pvap	[1.33e-04; 1.33e-03]	kPa	[340.65; 368.05]	The Yaws Handbook of Vapor Pressure
Equation			ln(Pvp) = A + B/(T + C)
Coefficient A			2.20584e+01
Coefficient B			-1.05730e+04
Coefficient C			6.10000e-01
Temperature range, min.			340.65
Temperature range, max.			368.05
Pvap	1.33e-04	kPa	340.65	Calculated Property
Pvap	1.75e-04	kPa	343.69	Calculated Property
Pvap	2.29e-04	kPa	346.74	Calculated Property
Pvap	2.99e-04	kPa	349.78	Calculated Property
Pvap	3.87e-04	kPa	352.83	Calculated Property
Pvap	5.00e-04	kPa	355.87	Calculated Property
Pvap	6.43e-04	kPa	358.92	Calculated Property
Pvap	8.23e-04	kPa	361.96	Calculated Property
Pvap	1.05e-03	kPa	365.01	Calculated Property
Pvap	1.33e-03	kPa	368.05	Calculated Property

Similar Compounds

Find more compounds similar to Urea.

Mixtures

• Choline chloride + Urea + Water
• Choline chloride + Ethanol + Urea
• Choline chloride + Urea
• Urea + Water
• sodium chloride + Urea + Water
• Choline chloride + Urea + Methyl Alcohol
• 1,2-Ethanediol + Urea
• Ammonia + Choline chloride + Urea
• Urea + Formamide
• Glucose + Urea + Water
• D-Fructose + Urea + Water
• Sucrose + Urea + Water
• Formamide, N,N-dimethyl- + Urea
• Formamide, N,N-dimethyl- + Urea + Water
• 1,2-Ethanediol + Urea + Sulfur dioxide
• Carbon dioxide + Urea
• Ethanol + Urea
• Carbon dioxide + Ethanol + Urea
• Sodium sulfate + Urea + Water
• Urea + Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis-

Find more mixtures with Urea.

Sources

• Cheméo Relay (1.0)
• Crippen Method
• Measurement and modelling of urea solubility in supercritical CO2 and CO2 + ethanol mixtures
• Thermodynamic properties of aqueous salt containing urea solutions
• Acoustic investigation of choline chloride based ionic liquids analogues
• Phase diagrams of Na2SO4-MgSO4-CO(NH2)2-H2O system at 60 C and their application
• Determination and modeling of binary and ternary solid-liquid phase equilibrium for the systems formed by adipic acid, urea and diethylene glycol
• Formation of type III deep eutectic solvents and effect of water on their intermolecular interactions
• Separation of azeotropic mixtures (ethanol and water) enhanced by deep eutectic solvents
• Solid-liquid equilibria of the CO(NH2)2-MgSO4-(NH4)2SO4-H2O system at 0 C and 25 C
• Thermodynamics of phase transfer for polar molecules from alkanes to deep eutectic solvents
• Experimental determination and correlation of acetaminophen solubility in aqueous solutions of choline chloride based deep eutectic solvents at various temperatures
• Investigation of solutions of ethyl alcohol and the deep eutectic solvent of Reline for their volumetric properties
• Viscometric study of myo-inositol in aqueous deep eutectic solvent solutions
• Solid-liquid phase equilibria in aqueous solutions of four common fertilizers at 303.2 K and atmospheric pressure
• Thermodynamic characterization of deep eutectic solvents at high pressures
• Apparent molar volumes and apparent molar heat capacities of aqueous urea, 1,1-dimethylurea, and N,N'-dimethylurea at temperatures from (278.15 to 348.15) K and at the pressure 0.35 MPa
• Volumetric and viscometric studies of urea in binary aqueous solutions of glucose at different temperatures
• Volumetric and viscometric studies of glucose in binary aqueous solutions of urea at different temperatures
• Effect of hydrophilic additives on volumetric and viscosity properties of amino acids in aqueous solutions at T = (283.15 to 333.15) K
• High-pressure density measurements for choline chloride: Urea deep eutectic solvent and its aqueous mixtures at T = (298.15 to 323.15) K and up to 50 MPa
• Densimetric and ultrasonic characterization of urea and its derivatives in water
• Interaction of homologous series of amino acids with sarcosine in presence of denaturant: Volumetric and calorimetric approach
• Hydration of urea and its derivatives - Volumetric and compressibility studies
• Effect of temperature and ionic strength on volumetric and acoustic properties of solutions of urea alkyl derivatives in aqueous NaCl
• Tensiometric, fluorescence and 1H NMR study of mixed micellization of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug sodium salt of ibuprofen in the presence of non-ionic surfactant in aqueous/urea solutions
• Measurement and modelling of urea solubility in aqueous propane-1,2,3-triol and prop-2-enoic acid solutions
• Binary and ternary solid-liquid phase equilibrium for the systems formed by succinic acid, urea and diethylene glycol: Determination and modelling
• Density and volumetric properties of the aqueous solutions of urea at temperatures from T = (278 to 333) K and pressures up to 100 MPa
• Aggregation of sodium salt of ibuprofen and sodium taurocholate mixture in different media: A tensiometry and fluorometry study
• Densities and volumetric properties of (choline chloride+urea) deep eutectic solvent and methanol mixtures in the temperature range of 293.15-323.15 K
• Solubilities of ammonia in choline chloride plus urea at (298.2-353.2) K and (0-300) kPa
• Effect of lithium chloride on the density and dynamic viscosity of choline chloride/urea deep eutectic solvent in the temperature range (303.15-358.15) K
• Solubility modelling and thermodynamic properties of allopurinol in aqueous solutions of four deep eutectic solvents
• Volume-related solvation and pair interaction parameters for dilute solutions of urea and tetramethylurea in ethylene glycol between 288.15 K and 328.15 K: A comparative analysis
• Counteracting effects of trimethylamine N-oxide and betaine on the interactions of urea with zwitterionic glycine peptides
• Molar heat capacities of choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents and their binary mixtures with water
• Vapor pressure of aqueous choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents (ethaline, glyceline, maline and reline) at 30 to 70 deg C
• (Solid + Liquid) Phase Equilibrium in the Aqueous Ternary System NaH2PO4 + CO(NH2)2 + H2O at (308.15, 328.15, and 348.15) K
• Activity Coefficients of RbF in Urea Water and Formamide Water Mixtures from Potentiometric Measurements
• Molar Heat Capacity of Selected Type III Deep Eutectic Solvents
• Molar Enthalpy of Mixing for Choline Chloride/Urea Deep Eutectic Solvent + Water System
• Viscosities and Carbon Dioxide Solubilities of Guanidine Carbonate and Malic Acid-Based Eutectic Solvents
• Thermophysical Properties and Solubility of Different Sugar-Derived Molecules in Deep Eutectic Solvents
• Evaluation of Methanesulfonate-Based Deep Eutectic Solvent for Ammonia Sorption
• Standard Volumetric Properties of Chiral N-Methyl-Substituted Glycolurils in Water between 278.15 and 318.15 K at Ambient Pressure
• Solubilities and Thermodynamic Properties of NH3 in Glycerin and its Derivatives
• Studies of the Effect of Urea on PEG-4000 Polymer-Water Interactions at 298.15 K
• Vapor-Liquid Equilibria Study of the Aqueous Systems Containing {Choline Chloride + Glucose or Urea} and Their Deep Eutectic Solvents at 298.15 K and 85 kPa
• Densities, Viscosities, and Electrical Conductivities of Pure Anhydrous Reline and Its Mixtures with Water in the Temperature Range (293.15 to 338.15) K
• NH3 Solubilities and Physical Properties of Ethylamine Hydrochloride Plus Urea Deep Eutectic Solvents
• Fixed-Path Length Laser-Induced Sound Pinging: A Streamlined Method for Sound Speed Determination in Arbitrary Liquids
• Thermal Properties of Choline Chloride/Urea System Studied under Moisture-Free Atmosphere
• Solutions of Urea and Tetramethylurea in Formamide and Water: A Comparative Analysis of Volume Characteristics and Solute-Solute Interaction Parameters at Temperatures from 288.15 to 328.15 K and Ambient Pressure
• Measurement of Activity Coefficients of Solutes at Infinite Dilution in (Dimethyl Sulfoxide + Acetamide, or Formamide, or Urea) Using Gas Liquid Chromatography at the Temperature 298.15 K
• Temperature and Concentration Dependence of Apparent Molar Volumes and Viscosities of NaCl, NH4Cl, CuCl2, CuSO4, and MgSO4 in Pure Water and Water + Urea Mixtures
• Solubility and Mass Transfer Coefficient Enhancement of Benzyl Acetate in Water through Hydrotropy
• Studies on the Diffusion Coefficients of Amino Acids in Aqueous Solutions
• Solubility of Rofecoxib in the Presence of Mannitol, Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) K30, Urea, Polyethylene Glycol 4000, and Polyethylene Glycol 6000 at (298.15, 303.15, and 308.15) K
• Effect of Hydrotropes on the Solubility and Mass Transfer Coefficient of Benzyl Benzoate in Water
• Acoustical Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Urea: Reference Data for the Ultrasonic Spectrometry of Liquids
• Measurement and Prediction of Thermochemical Properties: Improved Increments for the Estimation of Enthalpies of Sublimation and Standard Enthalpies of Formation of Alkyl Derivatives of Urea
• Bubble Point Pressure of the Solutions of H2SiF6 + H2O and H2SiF6 + CO(NH2)2 + H2O from 323 K to 353 K
• Volumetric and Transport Behavior of Different Carbohydrates in Aqueous and Aqueous Urea Mixtures at Different Temperatures
• Solubility of Urea in Acetonitrile Water Mixtures and Liquid Liquid Phase Separation of Urea-Saturated Acetonitrile Water Mixtures
• Volumetric Properties of Urea in the Mixture of N,N-Dimethylformamide with Water
• Viscosity of Urea in the Mixture of N,N-Dimethylformamide and Water
• Specific Conductivities and Viscosities of 0.1LiNO3 + 0.9[xCH3CONH2 + (1 x)CO(NH2)2] as Functions of Mole Fraction, x, and Temperature
• Phase Equilibrium in the Aqueous Ternary System NaH2PO4 + CO(NH2)2 + H2O at 298.15 K
• Apparent Molar Volumes and Expansibilities of Thiourea, 1,3-Dimethylurea, and 1,3-Dimethylthiourea in Water at Temperatures from T = (278.15 to 318.15) K and Atmospheric Pressure
• Measurement and Correlation of Solubilities of 4-Amino-3,6-dichloropyridazine in Ethanol + Water Mixtures from (303.15 to 323.15) K
• Densities and Viscosities of (Choline Chloride + Urea) Deep Eutectic Solvent and Its Aqueous Mixtures in the Temperature Range 293.15 K to 363.15 K
• Effect of Water on the Density, Viscosity, and CO2 Solubility in Choline Chloride/Urea
• Ternary Phase Diagram for Systems of Succinic Acid + Urea + Water, Glutaric Acid + Urea + Water and Adipic Acid + Urea + Water at 288.15 K and 303.15 K
• Solubility Properties and Spectral Characterization of Dilute SO2 in Binary Mixtures of Urea + Ethylene Glycol
• Measurement and Correlation of the Solubility for 4,4'-Diaminodiphenylmethane in Different Solvents
• Solubility of CO2 in a Choline Chloride + Urea Eutectic Mixture
• Effect of Diaminomethanal on the Vapor-Liquid Equilibria of the Ethanol + Water System at Atmospheric Pressure
• Joback Method
• KDB
• Aqueous Solubility Prediction Method
• Estimated Solubility Method
• McGowan Method
• NIST Webbook
• The Yaws Handbook of Vapor Pressure

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