Chemical Properties of Mercury (CAS 7439-97-6)

InChI

InChI=1S/Hg

InChI Key

QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Formula

Hg

SMILES

[Hg]

Molecular Weight¹

200.59

CAS

7439-97-6

Other Names

• mercury element
• quecksilber
• quicksilver

• ω : Acentric Factor.
• C_p,gas : Ideal gas heat capacity (J/mol×K).
• C_p,liquid : Liquid phase heat capacity (J/mol×K).
• μ : Dipole Moment (debye).
• η : Dynamic viscosity (Pa×s).
• Δ_fG° : Standard Gibbs free energy of formation (kJ/mol).
• Δ_fH°_gas : Enthalpy of formation at standard conditions (kJ/mol).
• Δ_vapH : Enthalpy of vaporization at a given temperature (kJ/mol).
• IE : Ionization energy (eV).
• P_c : Critical Pressure (kPa).
• P_triple : Triple Point Pressure (kPa).
• P_vap : Vapor pressure (kPa).
• ρ_l : Liquid Density (kg/m³).
• S°_{gas,1 bar} : Molar entropy at standard conditions (1 bar) (J/mol×K).
• S°_liquid : Liquid phase molar entropy at standard conditions (J/mol×K).
• γ : Surface Tension (N/m).
• T_boil : Normal Boiling Point Temperature (K).
• T_c : Critical Temperature (K).
• λ_gas : Gas thermal conductivity (W/m×K).
• λ_liquid : Liquid thermal conductivity (W/m×K).
• T_fus : Normal melting (fusion) point (K).
• T_triple : Triple Point Temperature (K).
• V_c : Critical Volume (m³/kmol).
• Z_c : Critical Compressibility.
• ¹: Molecular weight from the IUPAC atomic weights tables.

Physical Properties

Property	Value	Unit	Source
ω	[-0.1670; -0.1645]
ω	-0.1645		ChemSep v8.3 pure component data Compiled value
ω	-0.1670		KDB
μ	0.00	debye	ChemSep v8.3 pure component data Compiled value
ΔfG°	[31.82; 31.86]	kJ/mol
ΔfG°	31.82	kJ/mol	ChemSep v8.3 pure component data Compiled value
ΔfG°	31.86	kJ/mol	KDB
ΔfH°gas	[61.32; 61.38]	kJ/mol
ΔfH°gas	61.32	kJ/mol	ChemSep v8.3 pure component data Compiled value
ΔfH°gas	61.34	kJ/mol	KDB
ΔfH°gas	61.38 ± 0.04	kJ/mol	NIST
IE	[10.40; 14.84]	eV
IE	10.44	eV	NIST
IE	10.44	eV	NIST
IE	10.43 ± 0.08	eV	NIST
IE	10.47 ± 0.05	eV	NIST
IE	10.40	eV	NIST
IE	10.44	eV	NIST
IE	10.49 ± 0.01	eV	NIST
IE	10.44 ± 0.01	eV	NIST
IE	Outlier 14.84 ± 0.00	eV	NIST
Pc	[160802.77; 172000.00]	kPa
Pc	160802.77	kPa	Mathews (1972), critical constants of inorganic substances Compiled value
Pc	160803.00	kPa	ChemSep v8.3 pure component data Compiled value
Pc	172000.00	kPa	KDB
Ptriple	[2.67e-07; 2.93e-07]	kPa
Ptriple	2.67e-07	kPa	Staveley, Lobo and Calado (1981), triple points Compiled value
Ptriple	2.93e-07	kPa	ChemSep v8.3 pure component data Compiled value
S°gas,1 bar	174.97 ± 0.01	J/mol×K	NIST
S°liquid	75.90 ± 0.12	J/mol×K	NIST
Tboil	[629.70; 629.88]	K
Tboil	629.73	K	ChemSep v8.3 pure component data Compiled value
Tboil	629.88	K	KDB
Tboil	629.81 ± 0.01	K	NIST
Tboil	629.70 ± 0.50	K	NIST
Tc	[0.00; 1750.00]	K
Tc	1735.00	K	Mathews (1972), critical constants of inorganic substances Compiled value
Tc	1735.00	K	ChemSep v8.3 pure component data Compiled value
Tc	1750.00	K	KDB
Tc	0.00	K	NIST
Tfus	[234.29; 234.50]	K
Tfus	234.29	K	Determination of melting temperatures in hydrocarbon mixtures by differential scanning calorimetry
Tfus	234.29	K	ChemSep v8.3 pure component data Compiled value
Tfus	234.32	K	KDB
Tfus	234.30 ± 0.01	K	NIST
Tfus	234.31 ± 0.01	K	NIST
Tfus	Outlier 234.50 ± 0.20	K	NIST
Ttriple	[234.29; 234.32]	K
Ttriple	234.32	K	Staveley, Lobo and Calado (1981), triple points Compiled value
Ttriple	234.31	K	ChemSep v8.3 pure component data Compiled value
Ttriple	234.31	K	KDB
Ttriple	234.30 ± 0.00	K	NIST
Ttriple	234.29 ± 0.20	K	NIST
Vc	[0.043; 0.056]	m3/kmol
Vc	0.056	m3/kmol	ChemSep v8.3 pure component data Compiled value
Vc	0.043	m3/kmol	KDB
Zc	[0.3900000; 0.5083020]
Zc	0.3900000		ChemSep v8.3 pure component data Compiled value
Zc	0.5083020		KDB

Cheméo can also estimate Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions, Log10 of Water solubility in mol/l for this compound, but they fall outside the models' validated range, so they are not shown here. Open the prediction tool to compute them on demand.

Temperature Dependent Properties

Property	Value	Unit	Temperature (K)	Source
ρl	[13530.00; 13594.00]	kg/m3	[293.00; 298.15]
ρl	13594.00	kg/m3	293.00	KDB
ρl	13530.00	kg/m3	298.15	Osmotic and activity coefficients for five lithium salts in three non-aqueous solvents
λliquid	[8.05; 13.00]	W/m×K	[295.60; 515.20]
λliquid	8.05	W/m×K	295.60	A Novel Instrument for the Measurement of the Thermal Conductivity of Molten Metals. Part II: Measurements
λliquid	8.50	W/m×K	312.20	A Novel Instrument for the Measurement of the Thermal Conductivity of Molten Metals. Part II: Measurements
λliquid	8.80	W/m×K	319.50	A Novel Instrument for the Measurement of the Thermal Conductivity of Molten Metals. Part II: Measurements
λliquid	9.05	W/m×K	332.00	A Novel Instrument for the Measurement of the Thermal Conductivity of Molten Metals. Part II: Measurements
λliquid	9.50	W/m×K	352.00	A Novel Instrument for the Measurement of the Thermal Conductivity of Molten Metals. Part II: Measurements
λliquid	9.90	W/m×K	370.70	A Novel Instrument for the Measurement of the Thermal Conductivity of Molten Metals. Part II: Measurements
λliquid	10.20	W/m×K	390.00	A Novel Instrument for the Measurement of the Thermal Conductivity of Molten Metals. Part II: Measurements
λliquid	10.80	W/m×K	407.70	A Novel Instrument for the Measurement of the Thermal Conductivity of Molten Metals. Part II: Measurements
λliquid	11.20	W/m×K	425.90	A Novel Instrument for the Measurement of the Thermal Conductivity of Molten Metals. Part II: Measurements
λliquid	12.40	W/m×K	476.60	A Novel Instrument for the Measurement of the Thermal Conductivity of Molten Metals. Part II: Measurements
λliquid	13.00	W/m×K	515.20	A Novel Instrument for the Measurement of the Thermal Conductivity of Molten Metals. Part II: Measurements

Correlations

Property	Value	Unit	Temperature (K)	Source
Cp,gas	[20.79; 20.79]	J/mol×K	[100.00; 2000.00]	ChemSep v8.3 pure component data Compiled value
Equation			Y = A + B·T + C·T² + D·T³ + E·T⁴ Y is Cp,gas in J/mol×K, T in K
Coefficient A			2.07860e+01
Coefficient B			0.00000e+00
Coefficient C			0.00000e+00
Coefficient D			0.00000e+00
Coefficient E			0.00000e+00
Temperature range, min.			100.00
Temperature range, max.			2000.00
Cp,gas	20.79	J/mol×K	100.00	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	20.79	J/mol×K	311.11	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	20.79	J/mol×K	522.22	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	20.79	J/mol×K	733.33	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	20.79	J/mol×K	944.44	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	20.79	J/mol×K	1155.56	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	20.79	J/mol×K	1366.67	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	20.79	J/mol×K	1577.78	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	20.79	J/mol×K	1788.89	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	20.79	J/mol×K	2000.00	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	[20.77; 21.14]	J/mol×K	[629.84; 6000.00]	NIST
Equation			Y = A + B·t + C·t² + D·t³ + E/t², t = T/1000 Y is Cp,gas in J/mol×K, T in K
Coefficient A			2.06724e+01
Coefficient B			1.79353e-01
Coefficient C			-8.01200e-02
Coefficient D			1.05470e-02
Coefficient E			7.01300e-03
Reference			Chase, 1998
Comment			F=55.23215, G=199.9797, H=61.38012; Data last reviewed in December, 1961
Temperature range, min.			629.84
Temperature range, max.			6000.00
Cp,gas	20.77	J/mol×K	629.84	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	20.80	J/mol×K	1226.52	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	20.80	J/mol×K	1823.21	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	20.79	J/mol×K	2419.89	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	20.77	J/mol×K	3016.58	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	20.77	J/mol×K	3613.26	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	20.79	J/mol×K	4209.95	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	20.86	J/mol×K	4806.63	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	20.97	J/mol×K	5403.32	Calculated Property
Cp,gas	21.14	J/mol×K	6000.00	Calculated Property

Property	Value	Unit	Temperature (K)	Source
Cp,liquid	[28.32; 27.54]	J/mol×K	[234.29; 773.15]	ChemSep v8.3 pure component data Compiled value
Equation			Y = A + B·T + C·T² + D·T³ + E·T⁴ Y is Cp,liquid in J/mol×K, T in K
Coefficient A			3.05520e+01
Coefficient B			-1.19980e-02
Coefficient C			1.04730e-05
Coefficient D			0.00000e+00
Coefficient E			0.00000e+00
Temperature range, min.			234.29
Temperature range, max.			773.15
Cp,liquid	28.32	J/mol×K	234.29	Calculated Property
Cp,liquid	27.93	J/mol×K	294.16	Calculated Property
Cp,liquid	27.62	J/mol×K	354.04	Calculated Property
Cp,liquid	27.38	J/mol×K	413.91	Calculated Property
Cp,liquid	27.22	J/mol×K	473.78	Calculated Property
Cp,liquid	27.13	J/mol×K	533.66	Calculated Property
Cp,liquid	27.12	J/mol×K	593.53	Calculated Property
Cp,liquid	27.18	J/mol×K	653.40	Calculated Property
Cp,liquid	27.32	J/mol×K	713.28	Calculated Property
Cp,liquid	27.54	J/mol×K	773.15	Calculated Property

Property	Value	Unit	Temperature (K)	Source
η	[0.0020453; 0.0007177]	Pa×s	[234.28; 1073.15]	ChemSep v8.3 pure component data Compiled value
Equation			Y = exp(A + B/T + C·ln(T) + D·T^E) Y is η in Pa×s, T in K
Coefficient A			-7.56980e+00
Coefficient B			3.16200e+02
Coefficient C			5.11740e-03
Coefficient D			0.00000e+00
Coefficient E			0.00000e+00
Temperature range, min.			234.28
Temperature range, max.			1073.15
η	0.0020453	Pa×s	234.28	Calculated Property
η	0.0013953	Pa×s	327.49	Calculated Property
η	0.0011280	Pa×s	420.70	Calculated Property
η	0.0009853	Pa×s	513.90	Calculated Property
η	0.0008972	Pa×s	607.11	Calculated Property
η	0.0008378	Pa×s	700.32	Calculated Property
η	0.0007950	Pa×s	793.53	Calculated Property
η	0.0007628	Pa×s	886.73	Calculated Property
η	0.0007378	Pa×s	979.94	Calculated Property
η	0.0007177	Pa×s	1073.15	Calculated Property

Property	Value	Unit	Temperature (K)	Source
ΔvapH	[66.50; 0.00]	kJ/mol	[234.29; 1735.00]	ChemSep v8.3 pure component data Compiled value
Equation			Y = A·(1 − Tr)^(B + C·Tr + D·Tr² + E·Tr³), Tr = T/Tc Y is ΔvapH in kJ/mol, T in K
Coefficient A			7.02660e+01
Coefficient B			3.79940e-01
Coefficient C			0.00000e+00
Coefficient D			0.00000e+00
Coefficient E			0.00000e+00
Critical temperature, Tc (K)			1.73500e+03
Temperature range, min.			234.29
Temperature range, max.			1735.00
ΔvapH	66.50	kJ/mol	234.29	Calculated Property
ΔvapH	63.59	kJ/mol	401.04	Calculated Property
ΔvapH	60.44	kJ/mol	567.78	Calculated Property
ΔvapH	57.00	kJ/mol	734.53	Calculated Property
ΔvapH	53.19	kJ/mol	901.27	Calculated Property
ΔvapH	48.87	kJ/mol	1068.02	Calculated Property
ΔvapH	43.81	kJ/mol	1234.76	Calculated Property
ΔvapH	37.55	kJ/mol	1401.51	Calculated Property
ΔvapH	28.86	kJ/mol	1568.25	Calculated Property
ΔvapH	0.00	kJ/mol	1735.00	Calculated Property

Property	Value	Unit	Temperature (K)	Source
Pvap	[2.93e-07; 159643.00]	kPa	[234.31; 1735.00]	The Yaws Handbook of Vapor Pressure
Equation			ln(Y) = A + B/(T + C) Y is Pvap in kPa, T in K
Coefficient A			1.61630e+01
Coefficient B			-7.24765e+03
Coefficient C			-2.05000e+00
Temperature range, min.			234.31
Temperature range, max.			1735.00
Pvap	2.93e-07	kPa	234.31	Calculated Property
Pvap	0.14	kPa	401.05	Calculated Property
Pvap	28.57	kPa	567.80	Calculated Property
Pvap	527.64	kPa	734.54	Calculated Property
Pvap	3304.85	kPa	901.28	Calculated Property
Pvap	11659.62	kPa	1068.03	Calculated Property
Pvap	29247.81	kPa	1234.77	Calculated Property
Pvap	58928.42	kPa	1401.51	Calculated Property
Pvap	102276.84	kPa	1568.26	Calculated Property
Pvap	159643.00	kPa	1735.00	Calculated Property
Pvap	[2.93e-07; 159672.83]	kPa	[234.29; 1735.00]	ChemSep v8.3 pure component data Compiled value
Equation			Y = exp(A + B/T + C·ln(T) + D·T^E) Y is Pvap in kPa, T in K
Coefficient A			2.40432e+01
Coefficient B			-7.71700e+03
Coefficient C			-1.12960e+00
Coefficient D			2.69380e-07
Coefficient E			2.00000e+00
Temperature range, min.			234.29
Temperature range, max.			1735.00
Pvap	2.93e-07	kPa	234.29	Calculated Property
Pvap	0.15	kPa	401.04	Calculated Property
Pvap	29.22	kPa	567.78	Calculated Property
Pvap	506.75	kPa	734.53	Calculated Property
Pvap	3023.40	kPa	901.27	Calculated Property
Pvap	10380.12	kPa	1068.02	Calculated Property
Pvap	25924.98	kPa	1234.76	Calculated Property
Pvap	53202.66	kPa	1401.51	Calculated Property
Pvap	96156.03	kPa	1568.25	Calculated Property
Pvap	159672.83	kPa	1735.00	Calculated Property
Pvap	[2.64e-04; 622.19]	kPa	[298.14; 749.99]	NIST
Equation			ln(Y) = A + B/(T + C) Y is Pvap in kPa, T in K
Coefficient A			1.57904e+01
Coefficient B			-6.92417e+03
Coefficient C			-1.00010e+01
Reference			Hicks, 1963
Comment			Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
Temperature range, min.			298.14
Temperature range, max.			749.99
Pvap	2.64e-04	kPa	298.14	Calculated Property
Pvap	9.33e-03	kPa	348.35	Calculated Property
Pvap	0.13	kPa	398.55	Calculated Property
Pvap	1.01	kPa	448.76	Calculated Property
Pvap	5.10	kPa	498.96	Calculated Property
Pvap	19.07	kPa	549.17	Calculated Property
Pvap	56.94	kPa	599.37	Calculated Property
Pvap	143.20	kPa	649.58	Calculated Property
Pvap	314.88	kPa	699.78	Calculated Property
Pvap	622.19	kPa	749.99	Calculated Property

Property	Value	Unit	Temperature (K)	Source
ρl	[13629.93; 5736.14]	kg/m3	[234.29; 1735.00]	ChemSep v8.3 pure component data Compiled value
Equation			Y = A / B^(1 + (1 − T/C)^D) Y is ρl in kg/m3, T in K
Coefficient A			2.33507e+03
Coefficient B			4.07080e-01
Coefficient C			1.73500e+03
Coefficient D			2.59970e-01
Temperature range, min.			234.29
Temperature range, max.			1735.00
ρl	13629.93	kg/m3	234.29	Calculated Property
ρl	13278.80	kg/m3	401.04	Calculated Property
ρl	12903.91	kg/m3	567.78	Calculated Property
ρl	12499.43	kg/m3	734.53	Calculated Property
ρl	12056.76	kg/m3	901.27	Calculated Property
ρl	11562.41	kg/m3	1068.02	Calculated Property
ρl	10992.87	kg/m3	1234.76	Calculated Property
ρl	10300.30	kg/m3	1401.51	Calculated Property
ρl	9352.52	kg/m3	1568.25	Calculated Property
ρl	5736.14	kg/m3	1735.00	Calculated Property

Property	Value	Unit	Temperature (K)	Source
γ	[0.48; 0.39]	N/m	[273.15; 629.73]	ChemSep v8.3 pure component data Compiled value
Equation			Y = A + B·T + C·T² + D·T³ + E·T⁴ Y is γ in N/m, T in K
Coefficient A			5.43000e-01
Coefficient B			-2.38900e-04
Coefficient C			4.10000e-09
Coefficient D			0.00000e+00
Coefficient E			0.00000e+00
Temperature range, min.			273.15
Temperature range, max.			629.73
γ	0.48	N/m	273.15	Calculated Property
γ	0.47	N/m	312.77	Calculated Property
γ	0.46	N/m	352.39	Calculated Property
γ	0.45	N/m	392.01	Calculated Property
γ	0.44	N/m	431.63	Calculated Property
γ	0.43	N/m	471.25	Calculated Property
γ	0.42	N/m	510.87	Calculated Property
γ	0.41	N/m	550.49	Calculated Property
γ	0.40	N/m	590.11	Calculated Property
γ	0.39	N/m	629.73	Calculated Property

Property	Value	Unit	Temperature (K)	Source
λgas	[0.01; 0.01]	W/m×K	[473.15; 880.15]	ChemSep v8.3 pure component data Compiled value
Equation			Y = A·T^B / (1 + C/T + D/T²) Y is λgas in W/m×K, T in K
Coefficient A			2.60180e-03
Coefficient B			1.72600e-01
Coefficient C			0.00000e+00
Coefficient D			0.00000e+00
Temperature range, min.			473.15
Temperature range, max.			880.15
λgas	0.01	W/m×K	473.15	Calculated Property
λgas	0.01	W/m×K	518.37	Calculated Property
λgas	0.01	W/m×K	563.59	Calculated Property
λgas	0.01	W/m×K	608.82	Calculated Property
λgas	0.01	W/m×K	654.04	Calculated Property
λgas	0.01	W/m×K	699.26	Calculated Property
λgas	0.01	W/m×K	744.48	Calculated Property
λgas	0.01	W/m×K	789.71	Calculated Property
λgas	0.01	W/m×K	834.93	Calculated Property
λgas	0.01	W/m×K	880.15	Calculated Property

Property	Value	Unit	Temperature (K)	Source
λliquid	[7.64; 14.98]	W/m×K	[234.31; 1073.10]	ChemSep v8.3 pure component data Compiled value
Equation			Y = A + B·T + C·T² + D·T³ + E·T⁴ Y is λliquid in W/m×K, T in K
Coefficient A			3.98280e+00
Coefficient B			1.71000e-02
Coefficient C			-6.38610e-06
Coefficient D			0.00000e+00
Coefficient E			0.00000e+00
Temperature range, min.			234.31
Temperature range, max.			1073.10
λliquid	7.64	W/m×K	234.31	Calculated Property
λliquid	8.90	W/m×K	327.51	Calculated Property
λliquid	10.05	W/m×K	420.71	Calculated Property
λliquid	11.08	W/m×K	513.91	Calculated Property
λliquid	12.01	W/m×K	607.11	Calculated Property
λliquid	12.83	W/m×K	700.30	Calculated Property
λliquid	13.53	W/m×K	793.50	Calculated Property
λliquid	14.12	W/m×K	886.70	Calculated Property
λliquid	14.61	W/m×K	979.90	Calculated Property
λliquid	14.98	W/m×K	1073.10	Calculated Property

Mixtures

• Acetone + Mercury
• Mercury + 1-Hexanol
• 1-Decanol + Mercury
• Diisopropyl ether + Mercury
• n-Butyl ether + Mercury
• Indium + Mercury
• Methane + Mercury
• Propane + Mercury
• Pentane + Mercury
• Octane + Mercury
• Toluene + Mercury

Sources

• Mathews (1972), critical constants of inorganic substances ChEDL chemicals 1.5.2, from Mathews, J. F. Critical Constants of Inorganic Substances. Chem. Rev. 1972, 72, 71-100.
• Staveley, Lobo and Calado (1981), triple points ChEDL chemicals 1.5.2, from Staveley, L. A. K.; Lobo, L. Q.; Calado, J. C. G. Triple-Points of Low Melting Substances and Their Use in Cryogenic Work. Cryogenics 1981, 21, 131-144.
• ChemSep v8.3 pure component data Converted from ChemSep v8.3 pure component data, H. Kooijman and R. Taylor (2021, 2022), Artistic License 2.0; see how the values differ.
• A Novel Instrument for the Measurement of the Thermal Conductivity of Molten Metals. Part II: Measurements
• The behavior of mercury in water, alcohols, monoethylene glycol and triethylene glycol II. Elemental mercury solubility in alcohols, ethers and acetone; gas plant mercury distribution; and speciation in monoethylene glycol solution
• Determination of melting temperatures in hydrocarbon mixtures by differential scanning calorimetry
• Osmotic and activity coefficients for five lithium salts in three non-aqueous solvents
• Liquid phase vapor pressure measurement and thermodynamics assessment of the Hg In binary system
• Solubility of Mercury in Liquid Hydrocarbons and Hydrocarbon Mixtures
• KDB
• NIST Webbook
• The Yaws Handbook of Vapor Pressure

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